MODAL AUXILIARY

MODAL AUXILIARY

→ Kata kerja bantu dimana penggunaanya adalah verb utama  dan memiliki fungsi untuk menyatakan izin      
     (permission), possibility (kemungkinan), atau necessity (keperluan).

Formula : (+)  S + MODAL AUX + V

               (-)  S + MODAL AUX + NOT  +V

               (?)  MODAL AUX + S + V ? 

RULES OF MODALS :

* Tidak boleh ada 2 buah modal auxiliary dalam satu kalimat.

Ex :    I      SHOULD        CAN                       Maka modal yang ke-2 harus diubah bentuk

                     M1               M2                         ke bentuk yang lain tapi yang memiliki arti yang

                                                sama.

2.      Kata kerja setelah Modals harus V1. Kecuali bentuk Modal Perfect (V3)

3.      Modal akan selalu sama bentuknya dan tidak berubah apapun subjeknya.

4.      ‘’Not’’ after the verb is used to make a verb negative

5.      The modal verb do not change their form according to the tense, there is no ‘’S’’ added to the verb.

6.      Modal Present dan Past hanya bisa diikuti oleh bentuk invinitive tanpa ‘’to’’ atau disebut juga dengan bare invinitive.

Invinitive → bentuk dasar dari verb yang biasanya diawali dengan ‘’to’’.

Bare Invinitive → bentuk dasar dari verb yang tidak menggunakan ‘’to’’

KIND OF MODALS  : 1. Modal Present

                                       2. Modal Past

                                       3. Modal Perfect

 

1.      MODAL PRESENT

NO	MODALS AUXILIARY	FUNCTION	EXAMPLE
1	WILL	-Future -Kemauan/Niatan (Willingness) -Polite Request -Offering (Menawarkan)	(+) I will help you (-) I will not help you (?) Will you help me?
2.	SHALL	-Future -Subjek I and WE -Saran/Pendapat -Menawarkan bantuan -Janji	Shall I despite the rain ?
3.	MAY	-Menyatakan izin formal -Kemungkinan (Possibility) -Permohonan/Harapan	She may be angry You may go tonight
4.	CAN	-Ability/Possibility -Infromal Permission -Kesanggupan/Kemahiran -Kemungkinan	He can be sick She can not speak english
5.	MUST	-Keharusan -Kesimpulan -Dalam kalimat negatif dn membuat jawaban dari kalimat introgative selalu digunakan ‘’Need not’’ bukan ‘’Must not’’.	-You must go now - (?) Must she pay it?        No, she need not.
6.	OUGHT TO	-Saran	You ought to bring yout umbrella

MODAL PAST → Bentuk kedua dari Modal Present

NO	MODAL  AUXILIARY	FUNCTION	EXAMPLE
1.	WOULD WOULD+LIKE WOULD+RATHER	-Menyusun Past Future Tense -Polite Request -Menyatakan kembali bentuk keinginan dan preference Keinginan Lebih suka (prefer)	Would you mind sing a song for me ? -I would like to eat -Would you like to have dinner with me ? -I would rather be a army than a police
2.	SHOULD	-Past tense dari Shall -Saran (Suggestion) -Possibility/Certainly -Penyesalan dari masa lalu	-you should change your habit -you sould study hard
3.	MIGHT	-Kemungkinan lampau -Memperhalus permintaan	- she might be sad because she did not see you last night -might i come in ?
4.	COULD	-Past dari Can -kemampuan daei masa lalu (past ability) -Polite request -Kemungkinan	-He could be the 1th winner -she could swim when she was young -could you help me please?

MODAL PERFECT (V3)

NO	MODAL  AUXILIARY	FUNCTION	EXAMPLE
1.	SHOULD HAVE	-Saran yang seharusnya dilakukan pada masa lalu tapi tidak dilakukan (past suggestion) -Kemungkinan di masa lalu	-You should have tried harder if you would win the competition
2.	MUST HAVE	-Kesimpulan mengenai hal yang terjadi di masa lalu (past conclusion).	-Eko must have prepared this surprise since a week ago
3.	COULD HAVE	-Kesimpulan tentang hal yang terjadi dimasa lalu (past capability) tapi tidak digunakan	I could have bought that car, but I prefered to save money and wait for the manual version
4.	MIGHT HAVE	-Kemungkinan dimasa lalu (past possibility)	Andre locked very upset, we might have mistake last night

ERROR IN MODALS

·         1.We use the infinitives without ‘’to’’ after modals verb

Ex : You really must go to bed now                 (true)

         You really must to go to bed now           (false)

·         2. Modal verb only have 1 form. Without to invinitive, without –ing –ed. Tidak boleh ada dua modal di satu kalimat, jika ada modal kedua diganti dengan kata yang lain yang punya makna yang sama.

Ex: We would like to able help you                 (true)

        We would like to can help you                (false)

                 M1                M2

·         3.We used ‘’not’’ after  the modal verb to make negative form.

We dont use doesn’t/don’t/didn’t

Ex : You can not park here                              (true)

        You dont can park here                           (false)

·         4. Normally put adverbs after modal verb

Ex : You shoud always keep your secret         (true)

         You always should keep your secret      (false)

COMMON PROBLEMS

·         Using ‘’to’’ unnecessarily

Ex :      He should to eat his lunch       (false)

            He should eat his lunch           (true)

·         Using anything but the base form after modal

Ex :      Jhon could heard \the bell        (false)

            Jhon could hear the bell           (true)

·         Using double modals

Ex :      She might can help me             (false)

            She might be able help me       (true)

·         Omitting ‘’be’’ in certain modal expression

Ex :      Jack supposed to take his medicine                 (false)

            Jack is supposed to take his medicine              (true)

·         Using wrong word order in questions

Ex :      Where I should go ?                 (false)

            Where should I go?                  (true)